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A two-week excess of salt, sugar, fats and refined carbohydrates in the diet causes inflammation in the body, weakening the immune response to pathogens. Scientists from Radbaud University Medical Center (Netherlands) together with colleagues from Tanzania came to these conclusions. The results of the study are published in Nature Medicine (NatMed).
The study involved 77 healthy men from urban and rural areas of Tanzania. The first group of participants had previously followed a traditional African diet and then switched to a “Western” diet for 14 days. The second group, on the other hand, changed from a Western diet to a traditional diet. The third group consumed a fermented banana drink daily while continuing to follow their regular diet, and the fourth group acted as a control group.
The scientists monitored changes in the participants' health at the start of the experiment, two weeks after it began and one month after it ended. The results showed that switching to the Western diet increased the level of inflammatory proteins in the subjects' bodies, decreased the effectiveness of the immune response and activated processes associated with chronic diseases.
In contrast, participants who followed a traditional African diet or consumed a fermented beverage had reduced levels of inflammation. Some positive effects persisted even four weeks after the intervention was completed, suggesting the long-term impact of even short-term positive dietary changes.
“Previous studies have focused on Japanese or Mediterranean diets. But there is also much to learn from the traditional African diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains and fermented foods,” said the study's lead author, internist Quirijn de Mast.
De Mast noted that the Western diet is high in high-calorie foods (such as French fries and white bread), excess salt, refined sugars and saturated fats. Such foods provoke inflammation, which is at the root of many diseases.